Approved Methods of Deciding Tied Soccer Matches - Extra Time

Extra time (ET) is one of three IFAB-approved methods of deciding a tied soccer match. It is only required if teams cannot be separated on aggregate, away goals (if applicable) or at the end of regulation time in a one-off knockout game. Away goals, extra time and kicks from the penalty mark can all be employed under competition rules, but extra time is not mandatory, since matches can be decided by kicks from the penalty mark, without resorting to it.

Extra time consists of two equal periods of 15 minutes each, played at the end of regulation time. Team captains have to retake the toss to determine which side will be on the kickoff and which goal they would attack. In that sense, ET is like a mini-game, where teams switch at the end of the first period. Teams can score any number of goals in these two extra periods. The winner would be the team that scores more goals in the two extra periods.

If teams are tied at the end of extra time, then kicks from the penalty mark are usually employed. However, if both teams score the same number of goals, the away team can be the winner - if away goals are in force. The referee can also use added time at the end of each 15-minute period for substitutions, injuries, time wasting or any other reason for stoppages during the period.

IFAB-sanctioned ET operates in the aforementioned manner. Prior to this, it took the form of sudden death extra time (golden goal) or the "silver goal", where only one period would be required if one team scores more goals than the other does in the first period. However, the golden goal is no longer a sanctioned method, since it was felt that it was unfair to the team conceding the goal and did not encourage open, attacking play.

Sometimes, extra time works in conjunction with away goals. In such situations, the team that is playing away actually has an advantage, since any goals they score in these periods would be considered away goals still and count double if both teams end tied at the end of ET, despite scoring. While this might appear to favour the away team, the home side has the added advantage of playing an extra 30 minutes on their home ground. Extra time is usually used after away goals and before kicks from the penalty mark if all three methods are in force. However, away goals can also be used as a tiebreaker at the end of ET (where applicable) and it might not necessarily be used at all as a method of deciding a match.

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